![]() To increase the extent of metabolic stress during BFR, low-intensity exercises (strength or endurance training) at a high volume are performed under these conditions. These mediators trigger signaling pathways that evoke adaptation processes enhancing physical performance (e.g., on mitochondrial and angiogenetic level). interleukin 6 ), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular swelling, and muscle fibre recruitment. testosteron, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1 ), myokines (e.g. In turn these lead to an increase in hormones (e.g. Metabolic stress is the result of a high activity of anaerobic glycolysis for the resynthesis of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and is characterized by the subsequent buildup of metabolites such as lactate, hydrogen ion, inorganic phosphate, and creatine. ![]() BFR aims to evoke a local hypoxia which create metabolic stress in the restricted muscles. Special inflatable cuffs with pressure sensors named KAATSU-cuffs are also used. ![]() BFR describes a training method where the blood flow is restricted on the limbs of the body with elastic straps or blood pressure cuffs. With the exception of mechanical stress, hypoxia and metabolic stress can also be evoked by Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFR). Here, the magnitude of the stimuli depends, among other things, on the design of exercise variables mentioned above. Įven though the underlying signal pathways are not yet known, hypoxia, metabolic stress, and mechanical stress, are crucial stimuli evoked by a HIIT which activate mitochondrial, angiogenetic and cardiac adaptations. Therefore, the effectiveness of a HIIT with respect to physical performance improvement depends on the design of the exercise variables, making each HIIT unique. These exercise variables can be designed in many different ways which, in turn, could provoke diverse physiological stimuli. intensity, duration and number of performed intervals, duration of recovery phases, design of recovery phases ). To design a HIIT, several exercise variables are available (e.g. In the context of endurance training, High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a training method that involves repeated high to maximal physical exertions over a short time, interrupted by periods of rest or low-intensity exercise. Here, the underlying mechanisms have to be clarified in future investigations.īlood flow restriction, Growth hormone, Insulin-like growth factor 1, Strength performance, Endurance performance The combined intervention efficiently improves the maximal power in context of endurance capacity. La increased during the intervention in a comparable manner among both groups. Both, GH and IGF-1 increased significantly immediately after the interventions, but without differences between groups (no interaction effect). Regarding the 1RM and CMJ, a significant improvement in 1RM (p = 0.005) was observed only in the HIIT group. The VO 2max/kg did not change due to the intervention of the BFR+HIIT and HIIT group. The maximal power increased significantly in both groups (BFR+HIIT: + 9.5%, p < 0.001 HIIT: + 4.5%, p = 0.038) but to a higher extent in the BFR+HIIT group (interaction effect: F = 4.80, p = 0.039, η p 2 = 0.179). Blood lactate concentrations were assessed immediately before and after deep squats as well as after the HIIT during the sixth training session. The Growth Hormone (GH) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured prior to and after the first and last intervention. Immediately before and after the intervention period, the endurance capacity and strength capacity was assessed by a spiroergometry (parameter: maximal power, maximal oxygen consumption per kilogram body weight ) and a maximal strength test for the legs as well as the Counter Movement Jump. ![]() Prior to each training session of the HIIT, both groups carried out 4 sets of deep squats without additional load but the BFR+HIIT group performed this exercise under BFR conditions. We aimed to investigate whether a Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFR) prior to a High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) leads to a higher increase in physical performance than a sole HIIT.Ģ4 male participants (18 to 30 years) were randomly assigned to a BFR+HIIT or HIIT group which performed 3 times per week over 4 weeks a HIIT on bicycle-ergometers.
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